Inference about causation from examination of familial confounding: application to longitudinal twin data on mammographic density measures that predict breast cancer risk.

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. It is unknown whether there are different causes of variation in mammographic density at different ages. METHODS: Mammograms and questionnaires were obtained on average 8 years apart from 327 Australian female twin pairs (204 monozygous and 123 dizygous). Mammographic dense area and percentage dense area were measured using a...

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