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Article

Evidence that HLA class I and II associations with type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies to GAD and autoantibodies to IA-2, are distinct.

Diabetes - 1 Oct 2011

Howson Joanna M M, Stevens Helen, Smyth Deborah J, Walker Neil M, Chandler Kyla A, Bingley Polly J, Todd John A

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: A major feature of type 1 diabetes is the appearance of islet autoantibodies before diagnosis. However, although the genetics of type 1 diabetes is advanced, the genetics of islet autoantibodies needs further investigation. The primary susceptibility loci in type 1 diabetes, the HLA class I and II genes, are believed to determine the specificity and magnitude of the autoimmune response to islet...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy Delete account & data About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 21831970
DOI: 10.2337/db11-0131
PMCID: PMC3178284

Genes

MICA

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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Evidence that HLA class I and II associations with type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies to GAD and autoantibodies to IA-2, are distinct.PMID 21831970Read ↗

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