Article
Smoking increases transcription of human endogenous retroviruses in a newly established in vitro cell model and in normal urothelium.
AIDS research and human retroviruses - 1 Aug 2010
Gabriel Ute, Steidler Annette, Trojan Lutz, Michel Maurice Stephan, Seifarth Wolfgang, Fabarius Alice
Abstract excerpt
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) accounting for 9% of the human genome are considered as surrogate markers for genetic instability and as a driving force of genetic variation. Moreover, they modulate regular gene activities and give rise to expression of disease-associated peptides that may serve as diagnostic markers or even targets for T cell-based immune responses. To date, no data are available on the...
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