Article
Diversifying selection and functional analysis of interleukin-4 suggests antagonism-driven evolution at receptor-binding interfaces.
BMC evolutionary biology - 22 Jul 2010
Koyanagi Madoka, Kerns Julie A, Chung Linda, Zhang Yan, Brown Scott, Moldoveanu Tudor, Malik Harmit S, Bix Mark
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-4 (IL4) is a secreted immunoregulatory cytokine critically involved in host protection from parasitic helminths 1. Reasoning that helminths may have evolved mechanisms to antagonize IL4 to maximize their dispersal, we explored mammalian IL4 evolution. RESULTS: This analysis revealed evidence of diversifying selection at 15 residues, clustered in epitopes responsible for IL4 binding to its...
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