Article
Evaluation of Possible Carcinogenic Risk to Humans Based on Liver Tumors in Rodent Assays
9 Mar 2010
Abstract excerpt
The two-year rodent bioassay remains the mainstay for carcinogenicity testing, although numerous difficulties have been identified. Fundamentally, a chemical can increase the risk of cancer (1) by damaging DNA directly (DNA reactive) or (2) indirectly by increasing the number of DNA replications (non-DNA reactive). Mechanistic research has identified numerous precursor lesions in the sequence of key events...
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