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Article

Viral genetic determinants of H5N1 influenza viruses that contribute to cytokine dysregulation.

The Journal of infectious diseases - 1 Oct 2009

Mok Ka Pun, Wong Charmaine H K, Cheung Chung Y, Chan Michael C, Lee Suki M Y, Nicholls John M, Guan Yi, Peiris Joseph S M

Abstract excerpt

Human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) is associated with fulminant viral pneumonia and mortality rates in excess of 60%. Cytokine dysregulation is thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. In comparison with human seasonal influenza (H1N1) viruses, clade 1, 2.1, and 2.2 H5N1 viruses induced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in primary human macrophages. To understand viral...

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Identifiers

PMID: 19694514
DOI: 10.1086/605606
PMCID: PMC4028720

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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