Polymorphisms in the promoter regions for human MMP-1 and MMP-13 lead to differential responses to the alpha and beta isoforms of estrogen receptor and their ligand in vitro.

Abstract excerpt

Estrogen receptors (ER) are present in connective tissues and therefore it is possible that the loss of estrogen after menopause influences the integrity of these tissues, contributing to development of degenerative conditions such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in a subset of women. Aberrant expression of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g. MMP-1 and MMP-13) has been implicated in the progression of these...

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