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Article

Clustered environments and randomized genes: a fundamental distinction between conventional and genetic epidemiology.

PLoS medicine - 1 Dec 2007

Smith George Davey, Lawlor Debbie A, Harbord Roger, Timpson Nic, Day Ian, Ebrahim Shah

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: In conventional epidemiology confounding of the exposure of interest with lifestyle or socioeconomic factors, and reverse causation whereby disease status influences exposure rather than vice versa, may invalidate causal interpretations of observed associations. Conversely, genetic va...

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Identifiers

PMID: 18076282
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040352
PMCID: PMC2121108

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 2 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-18076282-2026-09-02.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-02.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 2 Sept 2026.

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