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Article

Biophysical mechanisms of cardiac looping

1 Jan 2006

Abstract excerpt

During early embryogenesis, the heart is a single, relatively straight tube which bends and twists (loops) rightward to create the basic plan of the mature heart. Despite intensive study for many decades, the biophysical mechanisms which drive and regulate cardiac looping have remained poorly understood. This review discusses, from a historical perspective, studies of looping mechanics and various theories which...

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Identifiers

PMID: 16479500
DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.052045lt

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Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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