Article
[Schizophrenia and ocular misalignment: phenotypic and genetic association analysis].
Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica - 1 Jan 2004
Yoshikawa Y, Toyota T, Yoshitsugu K, Yamada K, Itokawa M, Minabe Y, Nakamura K, Tomaru Y, Takei N, Kumakura T, Mori N
Abstract excerpt
The increased incidence of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenia is the fundamental basis for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia etiology. Ocular misalignment falls into the category of MPAs, but this phenotype has not been assessed in schizophrenia. This study reveals that constant exotropia displays marked association with schizophrenia. To assess the genetic mechanisms, we examined...
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