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Article

Heterogeneity of toxicant response: sources of human variability.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology - 1 Nov 2003

Aldridge Justin E, Gibbons Jennifer A, Flaherty Meghan M, Kreider Marisa L, Romano Jocelyn A, Levin Edward D

Abstract excerpt

While risk assessment models attempt to predict human risk to toxicant exposure, in many cases these models cannot account for the wide variety of human responses. This review addresses several primary sources of heterogeneity that may affect individual responses to drug or toxicant exposure. Consideration was given to genetic polymorphisms, age-related factors during development and senescence, gender...

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Identifiers

PMID: 12883075
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg204

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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