Nongenomic activity and subsequent c-fos induction by estrogen receptor ligands are not sufficient to promote deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.

Abstract excerpt

Estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E2) rapidly modulates several signaling pathways related to cell growth, preservation, and differentiation. The physiological role of these nongenomic effects with regard to downstream outcomes, and the relationship with transcriptional estrogen activity are unclear. Furthermore, the ability of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to trigger nongenomic actions is largely...

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