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Article

Sex chromosome genes directly affect brain sexual differentiation.

Nature neuroscience - 1 Oct 2002

Carruth Laura L, Reisert Ingrid, Arnold Arthur P

Abstract excerpt

Sex differences in the brain are caused by differences in gonadal secretions: higher levels of testosterone during fetal and neonatal life cause the male brain to develop differently than the female brain. In contrast, genes encoded on the sex chromosomes are not thought to contribute directly to sex differences in brain development, even though male (XY) cells express Y-chromosome genes that are not present in...

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PMID: 12244322
DOI: 10.1038/nn922

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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