Early Th1/Th2 cell polarization in the absence of IL-4 and IL-12: T cell receptor signaling regulates the response to cytokines in CD4 and CD8 T cells.

Abstract excerpt

Differentiation of developing T cells into the type 1 (IFN-gamma-producing) or type 2 (IL-4-producing) subsets is a central theme of immune regulation. The balance of IL-4 and IL-12 present during T cell activation has been considered the major influence on type 1 versus type 2 development. Here we show that CD4 T cells can become biased towards type 1 or type 2 phenotypes during their initial activation in the...

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