Reprogramming nuclei: insights from cloning, nuclear transfer and heterokaryons

Abstract excerpt

Mammals and amphibians can be cloned following the transfer of embryonic nuclei into enucleated eggs or oocytes. As nuclear functions become more specialized in the differentiated cells of an adult, successful cloning using these nuclei as donors becomes more difficult. Differentiation involves the assembly of specialized forms of repressive chromatin including linker histones, Polycomb group proteins and...

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