beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: penicillin-binding proteins and non-penicillin-binding proteins.

Abstract excerpt

The beta-lactams are by far the most widely used and efficacious of all antibiotics. Over the past few decades, however, widespread resistance has evolved among most common pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a paradigm for understanding the evolution of resistance mechanisms, the simplest of which, by far, is the production of beta-lactamases. As these enzymes are frequently plasmid encoded,...

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