Article

PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor-Related Cystitis: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Exclusion, and Outcomes in an Eight-Patient Case Series with a Targeted Literature Review

2026-07-09

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cystitis (ICI-RC) is an uncommon urinary immune-related adverse event and can be misdiagnosed as bacterial cystitis, tumor progression, radiation injury, stone disease, or chemotherapy-related hemorrhagic cystitis. This study describes the clinical phenotype, diagnostic exclusion process, treatment response, and literature context of PD-1/...

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Literature Corpus work: a825967e-a8d8-5dac-add3-f17795003898
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9806169/v1

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