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Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived GDF15 Predicts Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1-Based Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study

2025-10-23

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have markedly improved cancer treatment outcomes, but both intrinsic and acquired resistance remain major barriers, particularly in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC). Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) contributes to tumor immune evasion, yet its clinical significance as a non-invasive liquid biopsy marker for predic...

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Literature Corpus work
716835bd-b714-56d4-a5fa-9bb7b3003162
DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-7732171/v1
Open publication

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Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived GDF15 Predicts Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1-Based Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot StudyDOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7732171/v1
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