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Botulinum Toxin Resistance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies

2025-06-05

Abstract excerpt

<h4>Background: </h4> Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has transformed the treatment of neurological, pain, and aesthetic conditions by inducing temporary muscle paralysis through inhibition of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. However, treatment failure or resistance poses a significant clinical challenge. Resistance manifests as primary non-response (innate insensitivity) or secondary non-response...

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Literature Corpus work
52bcfe85-07d6-5e5c-9744-eb3a5ff4a164
DOI
10.20944/preprints202506.0418.v1
Open publication

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Botulinum Toxin Resistance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management StrategiesDOI 10.20944/preprints202506.0418.v1
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