4D Biomimetic Morphing Hydrogel Scaffold via Biaxial Gradient Programming

Abstract excerpt

Four-dimensional (4D) materials incorporating functional gradient designs offer a powerful platform for engineering dynamic structures capable of programmed shape transformations in response to environmental stimuli. However, most gradient-based 4D systems rely on uniaxial gradients, which typically generate simple, symmetric deformations with uniform curvature, limiting their ability to recreate biomimetic archit...

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• 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
• Cancer Cells and Metastasis
• Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
• Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
• Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms

Identifiers and source

Literature Corpus work

17929fad-b7d6-5874-9f62-9f9e37f5a72d

DOI

10.64898/2026.07.28.741270