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Article

Multiple stages and genetic alterations in immortalization, malignant transformation, and tumor progression of human skin keratinocytes.

Molecular carcinogenesis - 1 Nov 1998

Fusenig N E, Boukamp P

Abstract excerpt

An in vitro carcinogenesis model of human skin keratinocytes has been developed based on the spontaneously immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Immortalization, the initial stage in human carcinogenesis in vitro, was induced by ultraviolet-type mutations in the p53 gene followed by further...

Topics

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Disease Progression
Humans
Keratinocytes
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
Phenotype
Skin
Skin Neoplasms
Tumor Cells, Cultured

Source

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Identifiers

PMID: 9833775
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2744(199811)23:3<144::aid-mc3>3.0.co;2-u

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 30 Aug 2026. Prepared record publication-9833775-2026-08-30.1. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-08-30.1.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 30 Aug 2026.

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