Lipopeptide immunization without adjuvant induces potent and long‐lasting B, T helper, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against a malaria liver stage antigen in mice and chimpanzees

Abstract excerpt

We have employed a 26-amino-acid synthetic peptide based on Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-3 to evaluate improvements in immunogenicity mediated by the inclusion of a simple lipid-conjugated amino acid during peptide synthesis. Comparative immunization by the peptide in Freund's adjuvant or by the lipopeptide in saline shows that the addition of a palmitoyl chain can dramatically increase T helper (Th)...