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Article

Live oral vaccines against cholera: an update.

Vaccine - 1 Jan 1993

Levine M M, Kaper J B

Abstract excerpt

One hundred years elapsed between the first (live, parenteral) cholera vaccine that entered clinical trials in 1885 and the field trials of two oral inactivated cholera vaccines undertaken in Bangladesh in the mid-1980s. The oral inactivated vaccines advanced the art by establishing, convincingly, that oral vaccines could protect (although multiple doses were required) and that (at least in adults) protection...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 8438619
DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90019-t

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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