Article
Strategies for pharmacologic modulation of the heart failure phenotype.
Clinical cardiology - 1 Sept 1995
Feldman A M, McNamara D M, Rosenblum W D, Murali S
Abstract excerpt
The end-stage heart failure phenotype is characterized by marked dyspnea on exertion, edema, and overwhelming fatigue, and by a high incidence of sudden death. Patients who display the end-stage phenotype have transitioned from a normal phenotype with myocardial damage at a cellular level. This t...
Topics
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytokines
- Heart Failure
- Humans
- Phenotype
- Renin-Angiotensin System
