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Rapid Expansion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Genotype D1.1 Virus across Flyway Regions, North America, Fall 2024.

Emerging infectious diseases - 1 Aug 2026

Scotch Matthew, Faleye Temitope O C, Urquidez-Negrete Angelica, Varsani Arvind, Fan Ann, Justice-Allen Anne

Abstract excerpt

Highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b virus continues to circulate in North America and has caused severe human disease. That clade includes genotype D1.1, which became dominant in birds in late 2024. Recent phylodynamic reconstructions place D1.1 emergence in mid-2024 but differ on its inferred origin and early dissemination pathways. We combined targeted surveillance of wild birds in Arizona with...

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PMID: 42442739
DOI: 10.3201/eid3208.260205
PMCID: PMC13426862

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