Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1 A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season.

doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04300-1

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Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1 A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season.

Nature medicine - 1 May 2026

Harrington Walter N, Signore Anthony, Kercher Lisa, Giacinti Jolene A, Kandeil Ahmed, Ahlstrom Christina A, Bevins Sarah, Crossley Beate, Eure Karlie, Fabrizio Thomas P, Jeevan Trushar, Lenoch Julianna, Nolting Jacqueline M, Rejmanek Daniel, Stallknecht David, Bollinger Trent, Buck Evan J, Carter Deborah, Cohen Bradley S, Dilione Krista E, Feddersen Jamie C, Franks John, Goldsmith Dayna, Highway Cory J, Himsworth Chelsea, Holmes Lydia P, Jardine Claire, Jahid Mohammad Jawad, Link Paul, Miller Lance, Nemeth Nicole M, Owsiany Madison, Pybus Margo, Scott Laura C, Sharp Christopher, Smith Lauren, Steelman Nathan J, Stevens Brian, Berhane Yohannes, Torchetti Mia, Ramey Andrew M, Poulson Rebecca, Webby Richard J

Abstract excerpt

In late 2021, high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses entered North America and reassorted rapidly with local avian influenza viruses. In September 2024, we detected a new reassortant later classified as genotype D1.1. Using active and passive avian influenza surveillance across Canada and the USA, we tracked the emergence and rapid spread of D1.1 viruses in wild birds during the 2024...

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PMID: 41986738
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-026-04300-1
PMCID: PMC13190327

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