Article
Beyond resistance and tolerance: rethinking evolutionary responses to antibiotics from the perspective of individual bacterial cells.
Nature communications - 26 Jun 2026
MacLean R Craig, Peña-Miller Rafael
Abstract excerpt
Antibiotic resistance and tolerance are thought to be the key phenotypic traits that underpin evolutionary adaptation to antibiotics. However, the concepts of resistance and tolerance can be traced back to population-level assays developed by Fleming in the 1920s. Recent single-cell studies have shown that population responses to antibiotics are driven by a dynamic interplay between cell birth and death,...
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