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Article

Comparison of gingival phenotype among adult male naswar users, cigarette smokers and non-tobacco users: a cross-sectional study.

Scientific reports - 9 May 2026

Noor Nawal, Syed Kawish, Khatoon Rabia, Shabbir Aneela, Farooq Afaq, Rahim Abid, Riasat Madiha, Khalid Tamsal, Khattak Farhad Ali, Danish Zeeshan

Abstract excerpt

The impact of nicotine on the gingiva induces morphologic and histopathological changes, including gingival thickness. These changes can affect the esthetic and practical results of periodontal, restorative and orthodontic therapies. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effects of smoked and smokeless tobacco products (cigarette, naswar) on gingival thickness. This cross-sectional study...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 42106466
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-52426-6
PMCID: PMC13346656

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026.

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