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Article

From Luminal to Triple Negative: 3D Spheroids Reveal Molecular and Phenotypic Differences Across Breast Cancer Subtypes.

International journal of molecular sciences - 15 Apr 2026

Castro Maria Miguel, Maretti Letícia, Esquível Catarina, Sousa Bárbara, Jerónimo Carmen, Ewald Andrew J, Paredes Joana

Abstract excerpt

Breast cancer is classified into distinct molecular subtypes, including Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, Basal-like, and Claudin-low. While traditional studies mostly use 2D cell cultures, 3D models better mimic in vivo tumor conditions. In this study, we generated and characterized 3D spheroids from breast cancer cell lines representing different molecular subtypes. Morphologically, spheroids were either...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 42074172
DOI: 10.3390/ijms27083529
PMCID: PMC13116449

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026.

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