Cardiac Phenotypes and Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia : A systematic Review.

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is increasingly recognized as a multisystemic disorder. Cardiac anomalies, including autonomic, electrophysiological, and structural heart abnormalities, are frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, the distinction between phenotypes and endophenotypes remains unclear. METHODS: In this review, we synthesized clinical, neurobiological, and genetic evidence to assess...

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