Investigating the genetic and causal relationship between coffee/caffeine consumption and stroke: genome-wide association and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Abstract excerpt

Stroke is a major public health challenge worldwide; yet, the impact of habitual coffee and caffeine consumption on stroke risk remains unclear, with conflicting evidence suggesting both protective and harmful effects. In this study, genetic variants linked to coffee and caffeine consumption were identified from prior genome-wide meta-analyses and used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for stroke,...

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