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The impact of egg adaptation and immune imprinting on influenza vaccine effectiveness

1 Aug 2025

Abstract excerpt

Most influenza vaccines are produced in hens' eggs and may undergo ‘egg adaptation’, whereby mutations within the haemagglutinin protein that result in adaptation to the avian cells undergo positive selection. It is well established that egg adaptation can impact antigenicity and vaccine effectiveness (VE) by causing mismatches between the vaccine virus and circulating viruses. However, few studies have...

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Identifiers

PMID: 40812022
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127393

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 8 Sept 2026.

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