Roles for epigenetic and other biomarkers in upper tract urothelial carcinoma diagnosis and surveillance

Abstract excerpt

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the limitations of current diagnostic tools. Conventional methods such as urinary cytology, imaging, and ureteroscopy have important drawbacks, including low sensitivity, high costs, and procedural invasiveness. As a result, there is a growing need for non-invasive,...

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