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Three-Dimensional Culture of Orbital Fibroblasts From Thyroid Eye Disease Induce In Vivo-Like Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis

23 Jun 2025

Abstract excerpt

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of orbital fibroblasts under three-dimensional (3D)-culture conditions. Methods: Orbital connective tissue was collected from patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and normal controls. Primary fibroblasts were cultured and used to generate 3D microspheres via the hanging drop. These spheroids were cultured for nine days,...

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PMID: 40548633
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.66.6.67

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