A high-resolution two-step evolution experiment in yeast reveals a shift from pleiotropic to modular adaptation.

Abstract excerpt

Evolution by natural selection is expected to be a slow and gradual process. In particular, the mutations that drive evolution are predicted to be small and modular, incrementally improving a small number of traits. However, adaptive mutations identified early in microbial evolution experiments, cancer, and other systems often provide substantial fitness gains and pleiotropically improve multiple traits at once....

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