Causal relationship between smoking and spinal stenosis: Two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: Currently, the number of patients with spinal stenosis is increasing, and most of the patients are found to have a history of smoking in the clinic. In this study, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and spinal stenosis. METHODS: Genetic loci independently associated with smoking and spinal stenosis in people of European ancestry were...

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