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Article

Primary Human M2 Macrophage Subtypes Are Distinguishable by Aqueous Metabolite Profiles.

International journal of molecular sciences - 18 Feb 2024

Fuchs Amanda L, Costello Stephanann M, Schiller Sage M, Tripet Brian P, Copié Valérie

Abstract excerpt

The complexity of macrophage (MΦ) plasticity and polarization states, which include classically activated pro-inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated anti-inflammatory (M2) MΦ phenotypes, is becoming increasingly appreciated. Within the M2 MΦ polarization state, M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d MΦ subcategories have been defined based on their expression of specific cell surface receptors, secreted cytokines, and...

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Identifiers

PMID: 38397084
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042407
PMCID: PMC10889249

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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