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Article

Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson’s disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study

10 Nov 2022

Abstract excerpt

Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationships between IQ, educational attainment (EA), cognitive performance, and PD. Methods: We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on IQ, EA, cognitive performance, and PD. Four genome-wide...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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PMID: 36437938
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.963163

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