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Article

GRINS: Genetic elements that recode assembly-line polyketide synthases and accelerate their diversification.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 29 Jun 2021

Nivina Aleksandra, Herrera Paredes Sur, Fraser Hunter B, Khosla Chaitan

Abstract excerpt

Assembly-line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are large and complex enzymatic machineries with a multimodular architecture, typically encoded in bacterial genomes by biosynthetic gene clusters. Their modularity has led to an astounding diversity of biosynthesized molecules, many with medical relevance. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that drive PKS evolution is fundamental for both functional prediction of natural...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34162709
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100751118
PMCID: PMC8256042

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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