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Article

Gene-environment dependencies lead to collider bias in models with polygenic scores.

Scientific reports - 4 May 2021

Akimova Evelina T, Breen Richard, Brazel David M, Mills Melinda C

Abstract excerpt

The application of polygenic scores has transformed our ability to investigate whether and how genetic and environmental factors jointly contribute to the variation of complex traits. Modelling the complex interplay between genes and environment, however, raises serious methodological challenges. Here we illustrate the largely unrecognised impact of gene-environment dependencies on the identification of the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 33947934
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89020-x
PMCID: PMC8097011

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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