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Article

Effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphisms on the association between smoking and lung function among workers in swine operations.

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A - 3 Jul 2021

Gao Zhiwei, Dosman James A, Rennie Donna C, Schwartz David A, Yang Ivana V, Beach Jeremy, Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan

Abstract excerpt

Workers in swine operations may be at increased risk of developing respiratory problems. These respiratory conditions are more prevalent among workers who are smokers. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes play an important role in human immune responses to various respiratory hazards. This study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in TNF genes might alter the effects of smoking on lung function among workers...

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Identifiers

PMID: 33715603
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1896404

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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