Characterization of the inflammatory-metabolic phenotype of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a hypothesis to explain influence of sex on the evolution and potential treatment of the disease.

Abstract excerpt

Accumulating evidence points to the existence of an inflammatory-metabolic phenotype of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which is characterized by biomarkers of inflammation, an expanded epicardial adipose tissue mass, microvascular endothelial dysfunction, normal-to-mildly increased left ventricular volumes and systolic blood pressures, and possibly, altered activity of...

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