Article
Investigating causality in associations between education and smoking: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
International journal of epidemiology - 1 Aug 2018
Gage Suzanne H, Bowden Jack, Davey Smith George, Munafò Marcus R
Abstract excerpt
Background: Lower educational attainment is associated with increased rates of smoking, but ascertaining causality is challenging. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of summary statistics to examine whether educational attainment is causally related to smoking. Methods and Findings: We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of educational attainment and a range...
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