Article
Heavier smoking increases coffee consumption: findings from a Mendelian randomization analysis.
International journal of epidemiology - 1 Dec 2017
Bjørngaard Johan H, Nordestgaard Ask Tybjærg, Taylor Amy E, Treur Jorien L, Gabrielsen Maiken E, Munafò Marcus R, Nordestgaard Børge Grønne, Åsvold Bjørn Olav, Romundstad Pål, Davey Smith George
Abstract excerpt
Background: There is evidence for a positive relationship between cigarette and coffee consumption in smokers. Cigarette smoke increases metabolism of caffeine, so this may represent a causal effect of smoking on caffeine intake. Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization analyses in the UK Biobank (N = 114 029), the Norwegian HUNT study (N = 56 664) and the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) (N = 78...
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