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Article

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.

International ophthalmology - 1 Dec 2017

Singh Anupam, Pandey P K, Agrawal Ajai, Mittal Sanjeev Kumar, Rana Kartik Maheshbhai, Bahuguna Chirag

Abstract excerpt

The European Neuromuscular Centre (ENMC) derived the term Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders in 2002 at an international workshop for a group of congenital neuromuscular diseases. CCDDs are congenital, non-progressive ophthalmoplegia with restriction of globe movement in one or more fields of gaze. This group of sporadic and familial strabismus syndromes was initially referred to as the 'congenital...

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PMID: 27837354
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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