Article
The congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.
Archives of disease in childhood - 1 Jul 2015
Gutowski N J, Chilton J K
Abstract excerpt
Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDD) encompass a number of related conditions and includes Duane syndrome, congenital fibrosis of the external ocular muscles, Möbius syndrome, congenital ptosis and hereditary congenital facial paresis. These are congenital disorders where the primary findings are non-progressive and are caused by developmental abnormalities of cranial nerves/nuclei with primary or...
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