Upregulation of inflammatory gene transcripts in periosteum of chronic migraineurs: Implications for extracranial origin of headache

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: Chronic migraine (CM) is often associated with chronic tenderness of pericranial muscles. A distinct increase in muscle tenderness prior to onset of occipital headache that eventually progresses into a full-blown migraine attack is common. This experience raises the possibility that some CM attacks originate outside the cranium. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are...

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