Article
Unexpected Inflammatory Effects of Intravaginal Gels (Universal Placebo Gel and Nonoxynol-9) on the Upper Female Reproductive Tract: A Randomized Crossover Study.
PloS one - 1 Jan 2015
Smith-McCune Karen, Chen Joseph C, Greenblatt Ruth M, Shanmugasundaram Uma, Shacklett Barbara L, Hilton Joan F, Johnson Brittni, Irwin Juan C, Giudice Linda C
Abstract excerpt
Intravaginal anti-HIV microbicides could provide women with a self-controlled means for HIV prevention, but results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing. We postulated that unrecognized effects of intravaginal gels on the upper female reproductive tract might contribute to the lower-than-expected efficacy of HIV microbicides. Our objective was to study the effects of intravaginal gels on the...
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