Article
Genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 genes, and risk of hypospadias in a multiethnic study population.
The Journal of urology - 1 May 2015
Choudhry Shweta, Baskin Laurence S, Lammer Edward J, Witte John S, Dasgupta Sudeshna, Ma Chen, Surampalli Abhilasha, Shen Joel, Shaw Gary M, Carmichael Suzan L
Abstract excerpt
PURPOSE: Estrogenic endocrine disruptors acting via estrogen receptors α (ESR1) and β (ESR2) have been implicated in the etiology of hypospadias, a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. We determined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 genes with hypospadias in a racially/ethnically diverse study population of California births. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We...
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