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Article

Arginine oscillation explains Na+ independence in the substrate/product antiporter CaiT.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 22 Oct 2013

Kalayil Sissy, Schulze Sabrina, Kühlbrandt Werner

Abstract excerpt

Most secondary-active transporters transport their substrates using an electrochemical ion gradient. In contrast, the carnitine transporter (CaiT) is an ion-independent, l-carnitine/γ-butyrobetaine antiporter belonging to the betaine/carnitine/choline transporter family of secondary transporters. Recently determined crystal structures of CaiT from Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis revealed an inverted...

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Identifiers

PMID: 24101465
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309071110
PMCID: PMC3808595

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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